This study may be among the first to use estimated VO2 max as
a measure of the effect of Cd on cardiovascular fitness and
associated respiratory health. The results further support many
findings that chemical pollutants affect overall respiratory and
cardiovascular health. Jakubowski et al. (2004) accessed lung
function in workers exposed to Cd and found a significant
decrease in maximum expiratory flow at 50% (MEF 50%), which
suggested exposure resulted in deterioration of lung function
causing a mid airway obstruction. Mannino et al. (2004) reported
higher levels of urinary Cd, which were significantly associated
with lower forced expiratory volumes in one second (FEV1) in
both current and former smokers, and similar results regarding
forced vital capacity (FVC); they concluded Cd may be important
in development of tobacco-related lung diseases. A cross-sectional
study of pulmonary function among Japanese Cd alloy workers
suggested chronic pulmonary obstructive changes resulted from
Cd exposure among the workers who did not have a prior history of acute or sub-acute Cd pneumonitis (Sakurai et al., 1982).
Results from the present study also suggested an inverse
association between urinary Cd and estimated VO2 max. We also
observed racial differences in the associations, significant or not,
between urinary Cd and estimated VO2 max. For example, scatter
plots of urinary Cd plotted against estimated VO2 max (Fig. 2)
showed white males had a relatively more negative slope than
Mexican American males.
This study may be among the first to use estimated VO2 max as
a measure of the effect of Cd on cardiovascular fitness and
associated respiratory health. The results further support many
findings that chemical pollutants affect overall respiratory and
cardiovascular health. Jakubowski et al. (2004) accessed lung
function in workers exposed to Cd and found a significant
decrease in maximum expiratory flow at 50% (MEF 50%), which
suggested exposure resulted in deterioration of lung function
causing a mid airway obstruction. Mannino et al. (2004) reported
higher levels of urinary Cd, which were significantly associated
with lower forced expiratory volumes in one second (FEV1) in
both current and former smokers, and similar results regarding
forced vital capacity (FVC); they concluded Cd may be important
in development of tobacco-related lung diseases. A cross-sectional
study of pulmonary function among Japanese Cd alloy workers
suggested chronic pulmonary obstructive changes resulted from
Cd exposure among the workers who did not have a prior history of acute or sub-acute Cd pneumonitis (Sakurai et al., 1982).
Results from the present study also suggested an inverse
association between urinary Cd and estimated VO2 max. We also
observed racial differences in the associations, significant or not,
between urinary Cd and estimated VO2 max. For example, scatter
plots of urinary Cd plotted against estimated VO2 max (Fig. 2)
showed white males had a relatively more negative slope than
Mexican American males.
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