The barley grains (Brewing Research International, UK) were milled using a Falling Number hammer mill (Perten Instruments, Huddinge, Sweden) fitted with a 0.5 mm aperture sieve. The malt was prepared from the same barley grains through steeping, germination and drying (steeping at 20 °C for 36 h; germination at 10 °C for 24 h and 18 °C for 72 h; and kilning at 45 °C for 20 h and 95 °C for 3 h). The germinated barley was then milled into flour in the same way. The single cereal fermentation media were prepared by dissolving 65 g of the barley or malt flours in 1.3 L of distilled water (5% w/w). The mixed cereal media were prepared by mixing equal quantities of the single cereal flours.