4. Conclusions
Whipping changes the properties of cream by rendering it more viscoelastic than unwhipped cream. Both G0 and G00 increase with whipping time up to a point (9 min, in this study), beyond which they do not change significantly. The overrun also increases until this whipping time, but decreases thereafter as fat globules aggregate and the foam collapses. Bubble size distributions indicate that the highest number frequency shifts towards lower diameter values, as whipping progresses. In other words, progressive whipping results in the formation of a greater proportion of smaller bubbles until the overrun attains a maximum value. Thereafter, the bubble size distribution changes from being log-normal to a bimodal population. Acknowledgements Author E.J. is grateful to the Society of Chemical Industry for the award of the APV Seligman Fellowship, which enabled her to undertake this project.