To understand this difference between surface-and deep-level diversity,
consider a few examples. Luis and Carol are co-workers who seem to have little
in common at first glance. Luis is a young. recently hired male college graduate
with a business degree, raised in a Spanish-speaking neighborhood in Miami
Carol is an older, long-tenured woman raised in rural Kansas, who achieved her
current level in the organization by starting as a high school graduate and working
her way through the hierarchy. At first, these co-workers may experience
some differences in communication based on their surface-level differences in
education. ethnicity. regional background. and gender. However, as they get
to know one another, they may find they are both deeply committed to their
families, share a common way of thinking about important work problems, like
to work collaboratively, and are interested in international assingments in the
future. These deep-level similarities will overshadow the more superficial differences
between them, and research suggests they will work well together.
On the other hand, Steve and Dave are two unmarried white male college
graduates from Oregon who recently started working together. Superficially,
they seem well matched. But Steve is highly introverted, prefers to avoid risks,
solicits the opinions of others before making decisions, and likes the office
quiet, while Dave is extroverted, risk-seeking, and assertive and likes a busy,
active, and energetic work environment. Their surface-level similarity will not
necessarily lead to positive interactions because they have such fundamental,
deep-level differences. It will be a challenge for them to collaborate regularly at
work, and they'll have to make some compromises to get things done together.
Throughout this book, we will encounter differences between deep-and
surface-level diversity in various contexts. Individual differences in personality
and culture shape preferences for rewards,
Remix`Tonz พูดถึง (วันนี้ 23:55):
Discrimination
Although diversity does present many opportunities for organizations. effective
diversity management also means working to eliminate unfair discrimination
To discriminate is to note a difference between thing. which in itself isn't
necessarily bad. Noticing one employee is more qualified is necessary for making
hiring decisions; noticing another is taking on leadership responsibilities
exceptionally well is necessary for making promotion decisions. Usually when we
talk about discrimination, though, we mean allowing our behavior to be influenced
by stereotypes about groups of people. Rather than looking at individual
characteristics, unfair discrimination assumes everyone in a group is the same.
This discrimination is often very harmful to organizations and employees.
Exhibit 2-1 provides definitions and examples of some forms of discrimination
in organizations. Although many of these actions are prohibited by law,
and therefore aren't part of almost any organization's official policies, thousands
of cases of employment discrimination are documented every year, and
many more go unreported. As discrimination has increasingly come under both