We investigated predictors of mental health and positive change among mothers of childrenwith intellectual disabilities in Japan based on the concept of the Double ABCX model. Weused variables of having a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dissatisfactionwith systems as stressors, availability of social support and social capital (SC) as existingresources, sense of coherence (SOC) as appraisal of the stressor, and mental health andpositive change as adaptation. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 10intellectual disability-oriented special needs schools in Tokyo, and obtained 613 responsesfrom mothers of children under age 20 attending these schools. The results showed thatour Double ABCX model explained 46.0% of the variance in mothers’ mental health and38.9% of the variance in positive change. The most powerful predictor of this model wasSOC, and SC may be directly and indirectly related to maternal mental health and positivechange through mothers’ SOC. Increasing opportunity for interaction between neighborsand family of children with disabilities may be one effective way to enhance SOC throughSC. Since maternal SOC, SC, mental health, and positive change were significantly correlatedwith each other, synergy among these elements could be expected