Cross-sectional samples of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2011 to 2012 were examined for adults aged ≥ 19 years. CKD prevalence was determined based on decreased GFR and albumin-uria. The GFR was estimated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration creat-inine equation, and albuminuria was evaluated using the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in spot urine.