3.3. Cooking characteristics
Table 4 shows the cooking characteristics of pork burgers added with
PFA. The addition of PFA affected all cooking characteristics (p b 0.05) and
was concentration dependent. Compared to control samples, pork burgers
added with PFA (at any concentration) showed (p b 0.05) an increased
cooking yield and it did in a concentration-dependent manner
with no statistical differences (p b 0.05) between samples added with
PFA. These results were supported by the study of Gök et al. (2011) on
the incorporation of ground poppy seed in beef burger formulations or
Sánchez-Zapata et al. (2010) in pork burgers added with tiger nut fiber.
Yield, in meat and meat products, is associated with fat and water retention
(Alesón-Carbonell et al., 2005) and is usually related to the ability of
the protein matrix to retain water and fat (Rocha-Garza & Zayas, 1996). In
addition, it should be borne in mind that dietary fibers added to meat
products showed a high ability to keep moisture and fat in the matrix.
Avoiding shrinkage is important for maintaining quality standards of
burgers because of the potential negative reactions of consumerswho associate
such changes with an excess of added water (Sánchez-Zapata,
Pérez-Alvarez, & Fernández-López, 2012). Control pork burgers showed
more reduction in diameter (p b 0.05) after cooking as compared to