Leadership form Cognitive capabilities Social capabilities Behavioral capabilities
Transactional Setting goals
Setting standard
Focusing on prior logic,
incremental change,
efficiency, and continuity
Reflecting roles of
relational goals
Monitoring deviations
Being challenge-oriented
Strengthening strategy,
culture
Providing tangible
support and resources to
organizational members
Transaction of services
and rewards
Articulating explicit
arguments
Providing valuable
feedback
Reinforcing the mastery
of current learning
Reflecting roles of internal
processes
Being challenge-seeking
Taking corrective actions
based on deviations
Transformational Recognizing unique
growth and
developmental needs of
followers
Devising means to
inspire, stimulate,
engender loyalty, and
build confidence
Being able to reflect the
role of open systems
Divergent thinking
resulting in innovative
strategies
Being considerate to
individual/group needs
Being able to create
interest in individuals and
groups
Being able to reflect the
role of human relations
Consulting with
individuals or groups
Being inspiring and
intellectually stimulating
Encouraging learning and
innovation
Emphasizing
experimentation, risktaking
and challenging
norms
Coaching followers and
providing feedback