Iwhen studying wheat flours. In general, cakes with a low volume show a low symmetry index. The symmetry index indicates height differences between central and lateral areas of a cake. Thus, a high symmetry index indicates that the central part of the cake is higher than the lateral parts, whereas a negative symmetry suggests that cake volume falls at the end of the baking process. This would appear to indicate that after baking, and thus after starch gelatinization, cake structure is not sufficiently stable to support the formed structure. The main structural component in the formula is starch, after gelatinization. Higher protein content (formulae with added lentil flour, particularly with a larger particle size) thus impedes the formation of an adequate structure. The pronounced influence of this effect on cake volume during the final phase of the baking process means that no relationships were found between batter and cake properties.