there has been little discussion of how this approach could be used to help smallholder farmers adapt to climate change,
while ensuring the continued provision of ecosystem services on which farming depends.
Here we provide a framework for identifying which agricultural practices could be considered Ecosystem-based Adaptation practices and highlight the opportunities and constraints for using these practices to help smallholder farmers adapt to climate change.
We argue that these practices are (a) based on the conservation, restoration or management of biodiversity, ecosystem processes or services, and(b) improve the ability of crops and livestock to maintain crop yields under climate change and/or by buffering biophysical impacts of extreme weather events or increased temperatures.