Air and steam were continuously supplied from the top of the reactor as gasifying agents. The air was supplied using a Hitachi 0.2OP-5S air compressor. The steam was supplied by heating distilled water, which was degasified using a Lab-quatec LG-02 degasifier and pumped using a Lab-quatec LP-6300 plunger pump, to 423 K with an electrical furnace, followed by heating to 473 K with a ribbon
heater.