The effects of psychological therapies for voices have most frequently been evaluated by examining the efficacy of CBTp, as an adjunct to routine care (including antipsychotic medication), on the overall severity of positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions combined). Despite symptom severity providing quite an indirect index of adaptation to psychosis, and differences in trials included, meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are consistent in demonstrating evidence for beneficial but modest effects of CBTp on measures of positive symptoms (posttreatment between-group effect sizes ranging from 0.25 to 0.47).6,25,26 Methodological differences in trials, such as blinding, may moderate positive symptom effect sizes.6,26 There may also be smaller magnitude effects when compared with control therapies as opposed to TAU26 (although these effect sizes did not significantly differ in a recent meta-analysis),6 but it is likely that control therapies contain more therapeutic elements than a true placebo27 and a recent large meta-analysis indicated advantages of CBTp over any active control condition.7