Prochaska and Velicer (1997) wrote that current standard selfhelp
materials are geared towards people who are ready to quit.
The second hypothesis was based on this assertion, which has not
been tested in the TTM literature, but is widely accepted by
proponents and critics of the TTM. However, our content analysis
showed that this study, and perhaps by implication other similar
studies, that examine TTM-based materials versus standard
materials may not be testing the match/mismatch hypothesis
because standard materials may actually urge readers to use the
processes of change appropriate for their stage even if they are in
precontemplation or contemplation. However, in our control
intervention, the main process of change used for the earlier
stages was consciousness raising, with very little use of the other
processes of change. This was the most prominent process of
change for the TTM interventions, but the manual showed more
balanced use of the other processes of change for precontemplation
and contemplation. The TTM is not specific about
whether all appropriate processes of change must be used to
move stage, or whether under-use of one process of change can
be compensated by over-use of others, so whether this is theoretically
an advantage or not is unclear. Furthermore, in the TTMbased
intervention, participants were staged by the opening
chapter and then directed to the chapter appropriate for them.
The expert letter also instructed the participant to read the
appropriate chapter. This means that TTM arm participants were
directed to stage-appropriate processes, while those in the control
arm were not
Prochaska and Velicer (1997) wrote that current standard selfhelp
materials are geared towards people who are ready to quit.
The second hypothesis was based on this assertion, which has not
been tested in the TTM literature, but is widely accepted by
proponents and critics of the TTM. However, our content analysis
showed that this study, and perhaps by implication other similar
studies, that examine TTM-based materials versus standard
materials may not be testing the match/mismatch hypothesis
because standard materials may actually urge readers to use the
processes of change appropriate for their stage even if they are in
precontemplation or contemplation. However, in our control
intervention, the main process of change used for the earlier
stages was consciousness raising, with very little use of the other
processes of change. This was the most prominent process of
change for the TTM interventions, but the manual showed more
balanced use of the other processes of change for precontemplation
and contemplation. The TTM is not specific about
whether all appropriate processes of change must be used to
move stage, or whether under-use of one process of change can
be compensated by over-use of others, so whether this is theoretically
an advantage or not is unclear. Furthermore, in the TTMbased
intervention, participants were staged by the opening
chapter and then directed to the chapter appropriate for them.
The expert letter also instructed the participant to read the
appropriate chapter. This means that TTM arm participants were
directed to stage-appropriate processes, while those in the control
arm were not
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