· Heating always results in an increase in temperature. · Heat only travels upward. · Heat rises. · Heat and cold flow like liquids. · Temperature can be transferred. ·Objects of different temperature that are in contact with each other or in contact with air at different temperature, do not necessarily move toward the same temperature. (Thermal equilibrium is not a concept.) · Hot objects naturally cool down, cold objects naturally warm up. · Heat flows more slowly through conductors making them feel hot. · The kinetic theory does not really explain heat transfer. (Explanations are recited but not believed).
Table (4) illustrates the results for items on students’ conception about “thermal properties” of materials. Between 40% and 100% of the respondents have their own ideas regarding all items as follows: · Temperature is a property of a particular material or object. · Metal has the ability to attract, hold, intensify or absorb heat and cold. · Objects that readily become warm do not readily become cold. · Different materials hold the same amount of heat. · The boiling point of water is 100°C (only). · Ice is at 0°C and/or cannot change temperature. · Water cannot be at 0°C. · Steam is more than 100°C. · Materials like wool have the ability to warm things up. · Some materials are difficult to heat: they are more resistant to heating. · Bubbles mean boiling. · The bubbles in boiling water contain “air,” “oxygen,” or “nothing.” 12 · It starts to melt at 420oC 29
This study identified four main concepts of heat and temperature (thermodynamics) that the students found problems with: heat conception, temperature conception, heat transfer, and temperature change, conceptions about “thermal properties” of materials, also the boiling point of water 100 °C, and melting point of Zinc at 420 °C.
· Heating always results in an increase in temperature. · Heat only travels upward. · Heat rises. · Heat and cold flow like liquids. · Temperature can be transferred. ·Objects of different temperature that are in contact with each other or in contact with air at different temperature, do not necessarily move toward the same temperature. (Thermal equilibrium is not a concept.) · Hot objects naturally cool down, cold objects naturally warm up. · Heat flows more slowly through conductors making them feel hot. · The kinetic theory does not really explain heat transfer. (Explanations are recited but not believed).
Table (4) illustrates the results for items on students’ conception about “thermal properties” of materials. Between 40% and 100% of the respondents have their own ideas regarding all items as follows: · Temperature is a property of a particular material or object. · Metal has the ability to attract, hold, intensify or absorb heat and cold. · Objects that readily become warm do not readily become cold. · Different materials hold the same amount of heat. · The boiling point of water is 100°C (only). · Ice is at 0°C and/or cannot change temperature. · Water cannot be at 0°C. · Steam is more than 100°C. · Materials like wool have the ability to warm things up. · Some materials are difficult to heat: they are more resistant to heating. · Bubbles mean boiling. · The bubbles in boiling water contain “air,” “oxygen,” or “nothing.” 12 · It starts to melt at 420oC 29
This study identified four main concepts of heat and temperature (thermodynamics) that the students found problems with: heat conception, temperature conception, heat transfer, and temperature change, conceptions about “thermal properties” of materials, also the boiling point of water 100 °C, and melting point of Zinc at 420 °C.
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