In Italy, the sale of raw milk from vending machines
has been allowed since 2004. Boiling treatment before
its use is mandatory for the consumer, because the
raw milk could be an important source of foodborne
pathogens. This study fits into this context with the
aim to evaluate the microbiological quality of 30 raw
milk samples periodically collected (March 2013 to
July 2013) from 3 vending machines located in Molise,
a region of southern Italy. Milk samples were stored
for 72 h at 4°C and then subjected to different treatments,
such as boiling and microwaving, to simulate
domestic handling. The results show that all the raw
milk samples examined immediately after their collection
were affected by high microbial loads, with values
very close to or even greater than those acceptable by
Italian law. The microbial populations increased during
refrigeration, reaching after 72 h values of about 8.0
log cfu/mL for Pseudomonas spp., 6.5 log cfu/mL for
yeasts, and up to 4.0 log cfu/mL for Enterobacteriaceae.
Boiling treatment, applied after 72 h to refrigerated
milk samples, caused complete decontamination,
but negatively affected the nutritional quality of the
milk, as demonstrated by a drastic reduction of whey
proteins. The microwave treatment at 900 W for 75
s produced microbiological decontamination similar to
that of boiling, preserving the content in whey proteins
of milk. The microbiological characteristics of raw milk
observed in this study fully justify the obligation to boil
the raw milk from vending machines before consumption.
However, this study also showed that domestic
boiling causes a drastic reduction in the nutritional
value of milk. Microwave treatment could represent a
good alternative to boiling, on the condition that the
process variables are standardized for safe domestic application.
 
In Italy, the sale of raw milk from vending machineshas been allowed since 2004. Boiling treatment beforeits use is mandatory for the consumer, because theraw milk could be an important source of foodbornepathogens. This study fits into this context with theaim to evaluate the microbiological quality of 30 rawmilk samples periodically collected (March 2013 toJuly 2013) from 3 vending machines located in Molise,a region of southern Italy. Milk samples were storedfor 72 h at 4°C and then subjected to different treatments,such as boiling and microwaving, to simulatedomestic handling. The results show that all the rawmilk samples examined immediately after their collectionwere affected by high microbial loads, with valuesvery close to or even greater than those acceptable byItalian law. The microbial populations increased duringrefrigeration, reaching after 72 h values of about 8.0log cfu/mL for Pseudomonas spp., 6.5 log cfu/mL foryeasts, and up to 4.0 log cfu/mL for Enterobacteriaceae.Boiling treatment, applied after 72 h to refrigeratedmilk samples, caused complete decontamination,but negatively affected the nutritional quality of themilk, as demonstrated by a drastic reduction of wheyproteins. The microwave treatment at 900 W for 75s produced microbiological decontamination similar tothat of boiling, preserving the content in whey proteinsof milk. The microbiological characteristics of raw milkobserved in this study fully justify the obligation to boilthe raw milk from vending machines before consumption.However, this study also showed that domesticboiling causes a drastic reduction in the nutritionalvalue of milk. Microwave treatment could represent agood alternative to boiling, on the condition that theprocess variables are standardized for safe domestic application.
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