The Framingham Heart Study found the prevalence
of CVD in people with renal impairment (SCr 136–265
mol/l in men and 120–265 mol/l in women) to be 64%
higher compared with individuals with lower SCr values
[6] . A recent population-based study of 1.12 million peo-ple found a prevalence in patients with GFR ! 60 ml/min
(CKD stage 3 or less) of 14.9% with CAD, 6.8% CBVD,
5.0% PVD and 7.1% with CHF [2] . In a Canadian multicenter prospective cohort of 313 pre-ESRD patients, the revalence of all CVD was 38%
The prevalence of
LVH has been found to increase with a decline in renal
function. Indeed, large population based studies consistently find a high prevalence of CVD [7] . Conversely, in
a study of 14,527 people with known CAD (diagnosed
myocardial infarction) 33.6% had stage 3 or greater CKD
[8] .