Because Title VII and other IIO laws have not provided definitions of illegal discrimination, this task has fallen upon courts. Judges have arrived at definitions by examining the statutes’ legislative history to gain insight into the social problems Congress hoped the laws would solve. For Title VII, the history of the civil rights conflict clearly identifies the problems: economic inequality and the denial of employment opportunities to minorities. In interpreting Title VII and other EEO laws, courts have held that both intentional (disparate treatment ) and unintentional ( disparate impact ) acts of covered entities may constitute illegal employment discriminations