1 Introduction
The financial structure of a firm is one of the most critical areas in corporate finance that can affect the whole operations of a firm (Wen et al. 2002; Abor & Bikpie 2005; Abor & Bikpie 2007). One of the basic motives of capital structure management is to reduce the cost of capital to maximize the shareholders’ wealth. Studies on firm’s financial structure can be traced back to the seminal work of Modigliani and Miller (1958), were they opined that the capital structure of a firm was irrelevant in determining the firm’s value and its future performance. Since the proclamation of Modigliani and Miller in 1958, several theories have been developed to explain firms’ financing decisions. One of such theories that have gained strong empirical support is the agency theory. The theory posits that capital structure is determined by agency costs arising from conflicts of interest. Since then, discussions on firms’ financial decisions have continued to be an issue of interest in the finance literatures. According to Jirapom (2009), capital structure is one of the most puzzling topics in corporate finance literature. It is often referred to as a firm's financial framework. Booth, Aivazian, Demirguc-Kunt, & Maksimovic (2001) described it as the mix of debt and equity capital maintained by a firm. It is also seen a mixture of a variety of long term sources of funds and equity shares including reserves and surpluses of an enterprise. An important decision of a firm is the choice between shareholders' equity and debt. Thus, a firm's financial framework (capital structure) is the specific combination of its debt and shareholders' equity for funding its operation activities. Therefore, financial decisions affecting firm’s capital structure are very salient among firms based on the need to increase investors' return on investment and the economic corporation ability to deal with a competitive environment. Hence, the capital structure of a firm is very important since it related to the ability of the firm to meet the needs of its stakeholders.
Corporate governance on the other hand is the mechanism and philosophy that entails the processes and structure which facilitate the creation of shareholder value through the management of an organisation affair to ensure the protection of the individual and collective interest of all the stakeholders. According to Keasey et al (1997), it is the process and structure used to direct and manage the affairs of a company towards enhancing business prosperity and corporate accountability with the ultimate objective of realizing long-term shareholder value, whilst taking into account the interest of other stakeholders. It is generally associated with the existence of agency problem and its roots can be traced back to separation of ownership and control of the firm. Agency problems
บทนำ 1The financial structure of a firm is one of the most critical areas in corporate finance that can affect the whole operations of a firm (Wen et al. 2002; Abor & Bikpie 2005; Abor & Bikpie 2007). One of the basic motives of capital structure management is to reduce the cost of capital to maximize the shareholders’ wealth. Studies on firm’s financial structure can be traced back to the seminal work of Modigliani and Miller (1958), were they opined that the capital structure of a firm was irrelevant in determining the firm’s value and its future performance. Since the proclamation of Modigliani and Miller in 1958, several theories have been developed to explain firms’ financing decisions. One of such theories that have gained strong empirical support is the agency theory. The theory posits that capital structure is determined by agency costs arising from conflicts of interest. Since then, discussions on firms’ financial decisions have continued to be an issue of interest in the finance literatures. According to Jirapom (2009), capital structure is one of the most puzzling topics in corporate finance literature. It is often referred to as a firm's financial framework. Booth, Aivazian, Demirguc-Kunt, & Maksimovic (2001) described it as the mix of debt and equity capital maintained by a firm. It is also seen a mixture of a variety of long term sources of funds and equity shares including reserves and surpluses of an enterprise. An important decision of a firm is the choice between shareholders' equity and debt. Thus, a firm's financial framework (capital structure) is the specific combination of its debt and shareholders' equity for funding its operation activities. Therefore, financial decisions affecting firm’s capital structure are very salient among firms based on the need to increase investors' return on investment and the economic corporation ability to deal with a competitive environment. Hence, the capital structure of a firm is very important since it related to the ability of the firm to meet the needs of its stakeholders.กำกับคงเป็นกลไกและปรัชญาที่มีกระบวนการและโครงสร้างที่ช่วยในการสร้างมูลค่าของผู้ถือหุ้นผ่านการบริหารเรื่ององค์กรให้การป้องกันที่น่าสนใจแต่ละคน และรวมทุกกลุ่ม ตาม Keasey et al (1997), มันเป็นกระบวนการและโครงสร้างที่ใช้โดยตรง และจัดการกิจการของบริษัทต่อความเจริญรุ่งเรืองของธุรกิจและความรับผิดชอบขององค์กร มีวัตถุประสงค์ที่ดีที่สุดของการตระหนักถึงมูลค่าหุ้นระยะยาว ในขณะที่คำนึงถึงผลประโยชน์ของเสีย โดยทั่วไปเชื่อมโยงกับการดำรงอยู่ของปัญหาหน่วยงาน และสามารถติดตามรากของมันกลับแยกเป็นเจ้าของและควบคุมของบริษัท ปัญหาของหน่วยงาน
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