Amphibians are excellent models to understand vertebrate chemosignaling. Amphibian chemical communication is amenable to study at molecular, developmental, physiological, behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary levels. Urodele (salamanders, including newts) reproductive behavior is orchestrated by a rich array of chemosignals. Anurans (frogs and toads) are best known for their remarkable calling behavior during breeding, but many anuran species possess specialized glands that emit chemosignal-like substances.