Concluding remark
DNA barcoding can only be used to identify different species when
it can distinguish among closely related species, including sister taxa
(Newmaster and Ragupathy, 2009). Numerous studies have focused
on a large number of plant species with distant genetic relationships.
This study is one of the few that evaluated the efficacy of DNA
barcoding among congeneric species (Salvia). Although our sampling
was limited to a single genus, dense sampling within a genus and
within species is necessary to clarify whether DNA barcoding can successfully
delineate species rather than only higher taxonomic levels
(e.g., to genus or species groups) (Fazekas et al., 2009; Pettengill and
Neel, 2010). In conclusion, our study shows that ITS1 in the nuclear
genome is the best DNA barcoding among the considered loci with
sufficient variability and high identification efficiency (81.48%). Although
it is not an ideal candidate for all Salvia identification, ITS1 successfully
identifies genuine S. miltiorrhiza from common adulterated
products which is important and practical in the traditional Chinese
medicine market. Furthermore, trnL–F was the most suitable marker
in chloroplasts, with an identification efficiency of 77.77%. Further
studies should test these sequences on other species, and variable
DNA barcodes such as psbK–psbI and atpF–atpH should be used to
identify Salvia species.
Concluding remarkDNA barcoding can only be used to identify different species whenit can distinguish among closely related species, including sister taxa(Newmaster and Ragupathy, 2009). Numerous studies have focusedon a large number of plant species with distant genetic relationships.This study is one of the few that evaluated the efficacy of DNAbarcoding among congeneric species (Salvia). Although our samplingwas limited to a single genus, dense sampling within a genus andwithin species is necessary to clarify whether DNA barcoding can successfullydelineate species rather than only higher taxonomic levels(e.g., to genus or species groups) (Fazekas et al., 2009; Pettengill andNeel, 2010). In conclusion, our study shows that ITS1 in the nucleargenome is the best DNA barcoding among the considered loci withsufficient variability and high identification efficiency (81.48%). Althoughit is not an ideal candidate for all Salvia identification, ITS1 successfullyidentifies genuine S. miltiorrhiza from common adulteratedproducts which is important and practical in the traditional Chinesemedicine market. Furthermore, trnL–F was the most suitable markerin chloroplasts, with an identification efficiency of 77.77%. Furtherstudies should test these sequences on other species, and variableDNA barcodes such as psbK–psbI and atpF–atpH should be used toidentify Salvia species.
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