Hence, there is great interest regarding the removal of cadmium
from wastewater streams. Conventional methods for
∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 968 36 75 15; fax: +34 968 36 41 48.
E-mail address: vzapata@um.es (V.M. Zapata).
heavy metal removal from wastewater include reduction, precipitation,
ion exchange, filtration, electrochemical treatment,
membrane technology and evaporation removal, all of which
may be ineffective or extremely expensive, when the metals are
dissolved in large volumes of solution at relatively low concentrations