In conclusion, I want to summarize three recent attempts that take this question seriously and investigate the institutional possibilities of realizing a democracy centered around a procedure of free, public deliberation. In “The Market and the Forum: Three Varieties of Political Theory,” Jon Elster discusses the relevance of public deliberative models to political life. Arguing against narrowly designed market preference models, Elster observes: “But the task of politics is not only to eliminate inefficiency, but also to create justice— a goal to which the aggregation of prepolitical preferences is a quite incongruous means.” while not agreeing with all aspects of the discourse model, particularly in its strong consensus-oriented version, which Habermas espouses, Elster also points out, “I am not arguing against the need for public discussion, only for the need to take the question of institutional and constltutional design very seriously” For Elster this translates into the question of the proper place of politics, situated as it is, between the market on the one hand and the forum on the other.