Some scholars made their assumption public that north Korea and Communist China concluded “a mutual defense pact” after Kim Il-song’s visit to the Soviet Union in March 1949. The origin of this assumption was, paradoxically, the absence of “a mutual defense pact” between north Korea and the Soviet Union. When Kim’s visit to the Soviet Union culminate not in a military treaty but in the conclusion of the “Korean-Soviet Economic and Cultural Treaty,” they asserted that this meant a mutual defense pact between the two countries. Their representative assertion is as follows: