Introduction<br>Patients with chronic illnesses are usually taught the knowl- edge and skills necessary to manage their diseases and to access continuing treatment (Gray, 2004; Swezey & Swezey, 1976). Accumulated evidence supports the effectiveness of equipping chronically ill patients with management knowl- edge and skills related to diabetes (Ellis et al., 2008; Naar-King, Podolski, Ellis, Frey, & Templin, 2006), cancer (Ciemins, Stuart, Gerber, Newman, & Bauman, 2006; Ruland et al., 2007), ar- thritis (Zhang & Verhoef, 2002), pediatric HIV (Naar-King et al., 2009), chronic kidney disease (Wong, Chow, & Chan, 2010), and schizophrenia (Mueser et al., 2002, 2006).<br>Mueser et al. (2002) defined illness management as pro- fessionally based interventions designed to help people col- laborate with professionals in the treatment of their mental illness, reduce susceptibility to relapse, and cope more effec- tively with symptoms. The United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration developed the evidence- based Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) program (www .mentalhealth.samhsa.gov), which is intended to help people with severe mental illness manage their symptoms and live in the community while they pursue recovery. A limited but growing number of studies support the effectiveness of IMR for schizophrenia and other psychoses based on several pos- itive findings such as overall outcomes for illness management
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