METHODOLOGY
After ethics committee approval, nine health male games players (aged 20-22 years) volunteered to participate in the study. All regularly took part in exercise involving bouts of high intensity work (rugby, football, and field hockey). Subjects entered the laboratory on three separate occasions one week apart and at the same time of day. Familiarisation was completed on the first visit to ensure that they all knew the protocol and could complete the amount of work required. After this familiarisation period, the subjects entered the experimental phase. Dietary intake (football and fluid) and exercise intensity and duration were recorded for two days before the familiarisation visit, and subjects then replicated this exactly in the two days before each subsequent laboratory visit. Subjects were instructed not to exercise heavily in the 24 hours before attending the laboratory for all visits. They were questioned about compliance with the dietary intake and exercise controls on arrival for each test session. They were then seated , and, after a15 minute rest period, a baseline blood sample was drawn. Subjects then performed a standardised light warm up (consisting of five minutes of cycling at 80 W) and a short stretching period (three minutes of static stretches of hamstrings, calf, and quadriceps muscle groups). They then completed six standardised 30 second high intensity bouts of exercise on a cycle ergometer, each interspersed with 30 seconds of active recovery (40 W). Power output was monitored during these high intensity bouts of exercise through a PC interface. On completion of the six high intensity bouts, subjects undertook five minute intervention. The intervention was either 20 minute of passive supine rest cross over fashion. The massage was applied for five minutes to the back of the left leg followed by five minutes to back of the right leg with the subject in a prone position on a standard treatment couch. The subject then assumed a supine position, and massage was applied to the front of the right then left leg (each for five minutes). Table 1 shows the massage protocol followed during each five minute period. Most strokes were grade 1 or 2, but three grade 3 effleurage strokes, using a clenched fist, were applied in a centripetal direction to the left and right iliotibial band midway through the supine massage. All massage was administered by the same chartered physiotherapist using a conventional bland mineral oil (40 ml contact medium was used per massage - that is, 10 ml per massage area). After the intervention period, the subject then completed the same standardised five minute warm up and three minute of static stretching as previously described (Wingate test). Heart rate was recorded throughout the protocol, and capillary blood samples were drawn for lactate analysis at rest, after the six initial high intensity bouts, at 10 and 20 minutes of intervention, and three minutes after the Wingate test. Blood lactate was measured using a LM10 Little Champion analyser (Anolox Instruments Ltd, London, UK). Wingate test variables were recorded through a PC interface and included peak power (W), mean power (W), and fatigue index (percentage change in power output between the first five seconds and the last five seconds of the 30 second exercise period).
วิธีการที่After ethics committee approval, nine health male games players (aged 20-22 years) volunteered to participate in the study. All regularly took part in exercise involving bouts of high intensity work (rugby, football, and field hockey). Subjects entered the laboratory on three separate occasions one week apart and at the same time of day. Familiarisation was completed on the first visit to ensure that they all knew the protocol and could complete the amount of work required. After this familiarisation period, the subjects entered the experimental phase. Dietary intake (football and fluid) and exercise intensity and duration were recorded for two days before the familiarisation visit, and subjects then replicated this exactly in the two days before each subsequent laboratory visit. Subjects were instructed not to exercise heavily in the 24 hours before attending the laboratory for all visits. They were questioned about compliance with the dietary intake and exercise controls on arrival for each test session. They were then seated , and, after a15 minute rest period, a baseline blood sample was drawn. Subjects then performed a standardised light warm up (consisting of five minutes of cycling at 80 W) and a short stretching period (three minutes of static stretches of hamstrings, calf, and quadriceps muscle groups). They then completed six standardised 30 second high intensity bouts of exercise on a cycle ergometer, each interspersed with 30 seconds of active recovery (40 W). Power output was monitored during these high intensity bouts of exercise through a PC interface. On completion of the six high intensity bouts, subjects undertook five minute intervention. The intervention was either 20 minute of passive supine rest cross over fashion. The massage was applied for five minutes to the back of the left leg followed by five minutes to back of the right leg with the subject in a prone position on a standard treatment couch. The subject then assumed a supine position, and massage was applied to the front of the right then left leg (each for five minutes). Table 1 shows the massage protocol followed during each five minute period. Most strokes were grade 1 or 2, but three grade 3 effleurage strokes, using a clenched fist, were applied in a centripetal direction to the left and right iliotibial band midway through the supine massage. All massage was administered by the same chartered physiotherapist using a conventional bland mineral oil (40 ml contact medium was used per massage - that is, 10 ml per massage area). After the intervention period, the subject then completed the same standardised five minute warm up and three minute of static stretching as previously described (Wingate test). Heart rate was recorded throughout the protocol, and capillary blood samples were drawn for lactate analysis at rest, after the six initial high intensity bouts, at 10 and 20 minutes of intervention, and three minutes after the Wingate test. Blood lactate was measured using a LM10 Little Champion analyser (Anolox Instruments Ltd, London, UK). Wingate test variables were recorded through a PC interface and included peak power (W), mean power (W), and fatigue index (percentage change in power output between the first five seconds and the last five seconds of the 30 second exercise period).
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