and, the multiplicity of vague, contradictory, and sometimes bizarre notions of the nature of
the term ``information'' (Schrader, 1983, p. 99).
Many problems regarding the meaning of ``information'' and ``information science'' remain
unclear, and progress in the problem of ``labeling'' this ®eld depends on a theoretical
clari®cation, which again depends on the understanding of the relative merits and problems in
the dierent approaches or ``paradigms''.