Ko-Stiffness Method. The Ko-Stiffness Method, developed by Allen, et al. (2001),
is yet another method intended to be applicable to the design of MSE structures with
either inextensible or extensible reinforcements. Similar to the structure stiffness
method, the Ko-stiffness Method requires use of a complex equation to calculate the
peak tension in each reinforcement layer. The components of this equation include a
distribution factor, a local stiffness factor, a facing batter factor, a facing stiffness
factor, and a global reinforcement stiffness factor, all as modifications to the at-rest
earth pressure coefficient, Ko. Similar to the Structure Stiffness Method, this method
has not been adopted by state DOTs and, therefore, does not appear in any AASHTO
specifications.