on the cognitive task performance of developingpopulations (5,6,22–24,33). The findings also contrast withstudies used in Sibley and Etnier’s (33) meta-analysis thatsuggested that physical activity is unrelated to memory abilitiesin children between the ages of 4 and 18 yr. Instead,the investigation may supplement the report indicating thathigher-fit preadolescents have larger hippocampal volumes
compared with lower-fit children and that hippocampal volumeis related to relational memory performance (7). Giventhe specificity of the aerobic fitness effects in the currentfindings to memory performance for materials encoded relationally,it is possible that higher-fit and lower-fit children