Distance education
The requirement for scientific and technological advancement in a country is to appreciate the importance of a new
education system that, if implemented properly, can lead to the comprehensive development of countries, especially
human resource development which is one of the main elements in economic development and sustainable
development. Thus, it is imperative to embrace new methods such as distance education [16]. The history of
distance education goes back to over a century ago. According to Moore (1990), distance education, which he refers
to as correspondence study, began in the late 1800’s.The concept of correspondence study made its way to the
United States in 1873, when Anna Eliot Ticknor founded a Boston-based society named The Society to Encourage
Studies at Home [5]. Its goal was to provide education for those women who were denied higher education due to
the patriarchal attitude toward women’s education at that time. However, in its modern sense, distance education is a
field that focuses on delivering teaching to learners who are not physically present through technology, multimedia,
and ICT in order to create an interactive learning atmosphere that facilitates learning. Some of the features of
distance education are: teacher-learner separation, teacher-learner interaction, individual learning, learner autonomy,
use of Sharable Content Objective Reference Model (SCORM) for creating content, use of multimedia for
transferring content, attention to individual differences, easy access to educational materials, use of learning
management system (LMS), variable yet equal learning opportunities, attention to quality as well as quantity of
education, reduced education costs, increased efficiency and efficacy, improved performance and productivity, upto-date
knowledge, environmental benefits, flexibility in modifying-contents, lack of admittance limitations,
promotion of community-based and cooperative learning, and promotion of research [9]. Asadollah (2005) considers
distance education as one of the factors that foster the development of human resources and believes that human
resources refer to human competencies such as knowledge, skill, experience, and behavior. He also notes that the
main role of distance education in the process of human resource development is to produce change in behavior,
Distance education
The requirement for scientific and technological advancement in a country is to appreciate the importance of a new
education system that, if implemented properly, can lead to the comprehensive development of countries, especially
human resource development which is one of the main elements in economic development and sustainable
development. Thus, it is imperative to embrace new methods such as distance education [16]. The history of
distance education goes back to over a century ago. According to Moore (1990), distance education, which he refers
to as correspondence study, began in the late 1800’s.The concept of correspondence study made its way to the
United States in 1873, when Anna Eliot Ticknor founded a Boston-based society named The Society to Encourage
Studies at Home [5]. Its goal was to provide education for those women who were denied higher education due to
the patriarchal attitude toward women’s education at that time. However, in its modern sense, distance education is a
field that focuses on delivering teaching to learners who are not physically present through technology, multimedia,
and ICT in order to create an interactive learning atmosphere that facilitates learning. Some of the features of
distance education are: teacher-learner separation, teacher-learner interaction, individual learning, learner autonomy,
use of Sharable Content Objective Reference Model (SCORM) for creating content, use of multimedia for
transferring content, attention to individual differences, easy access to educational materials, use of learning
management system (LMS), variable yet equal learning opportunities, attention to quality as well as quantity of
education, reduced education costs, increased efficiency and efficacy, improved performance and productivity, upto-date
knowledge, environmental benefits, flexibility in modifying-contents, lack of admittance limitations,
promotion of community-based and cooperative learning, and promotion of research [9]. Asadollah (2005) considers
distance education as one of the factors that foster the development of human resources and believes that human
resources refer to human competencies such as knowledge, skill, experience, and behavior. He also notes that the
main role of distance education in the process of human resource development is to produce change in behavior,
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