Since the discovery of penicillin by Fleming in 1928 and its clinical introduction as an antibacterial
agent in the early 1950s, β-lactam antibiotics have remained the most popular drugs for treating
bacterial infections. The success of penicillin led to the discovery and development of various β-lactam
antibiotics: penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems [1] (Figure 1), which all
contain the four membered β-lactam ring. Most penicillins and cephalosporins prescribed today
are chemical derivatives of the natural scaffolds produced by microorganisms [2]. Unfortunately,
only 4 years after penicillin was commercialized in the early 1940s, penicillin-resistant strains of
Staphylococcus aureus expressing and secreting a β-lactamase were isolated [3]. Some years later
penicillin was found to be ineffective against a significant proportion of S. aureus hospital isolates [4].
The emergence of penicillin resistance led to the introduction of methicillin, a β-lactamase-insensitive
semi-synthetic penicillin; but immediately after its introduction in clinical practice, methicillin-resistant
strains of staphylococci (MRSA) were identified [5].
Since the discovery of penicillin by Fleming in 1928 and its clinical introduction as an antibacterial
agent in the early 1950s, β-lactam antibiotics have remained the most popular drugs for treating
bacterial infections. The success of penicillin led to the discovery and development of various β-lactam
antibiotics: penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems [1] (Figure 1), which all
contain the four membered β-lactam ring. Most penicillins and cephalosporins prescribed today
are chemical derivatives of the natural scaffolds produced by microorganisms [2]. Unfortunately,
only 4 years after penicillin was commercialized in the early 1940s, penicillin-resistant strains of
Staphylococcus aureus expressing and secreting a β-lactamase were isolated [3]. Some years later
penicillin was found to be ineffective against a significant proportion of S. aureus hospital isolates [4].
The emergence of penicillin resistance led to the introduction of methicillin, a β-lactamase-insensitive
semi-synthetic penicillin; but immediately after its introduction in clinical practice, methicillin-resistant
strains of staphylococci (MRSA) were identified [5].
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
