The efficiency of the catalyst is, however, dependent on the biomass it is applied
to. Ross et al. [93] investigated the effect of
, KOH, formic acid, and acetic acid on HTL of C. vulgaris and Spirulina. Although the organic acids was found
to promote the formation of bio-oil, they acted as a reagent rather than as catalyst.
was found to produce the highest bio-oil yields. The influence of catalyst
concentration has been investigated in HTL of L. saccharina [8]. Increasing the
concentration of KOH was observed to decrease the bio-oil yield.