participants said they could read Spanish well or very well, suggesting that a large share of the CAWHS PE participants can be described as low literacy or non-literate.
Most of the men had been in the U.S. for more than a dozen years; among women, most had immigrated less than a decade before the interview. Men had typically been working as farm laborers in the U.S. for a longer period than the women: median values were 13 years versus 7 years, respectively. Approximately 14% of the sample were relatively recent immigrants, having been in the U.S. for four or fewer years.
With respect to health insurance, 73% of males and 69% of females lacked any form of coverage. When asked about medical or clinic visits, 25% of the men and 13% of the women said they had never had a medical or clinic visit.