Kydland grew up as the eldest of six siblings at the family farm in Søyland, Gjesdal, which is located in the Jæren farming region in Rogaland county, southwestern Norway. He recalls having had a liberal upbringing, his parents not imposing many limitations on their children. Finn Kydland became interested in mathematics and economics as a young adult, after he did some bookkeeping at a friend's mink farm.
With a freshly awakened interest in theoretical economics, Kydland earned a BSc from NHH in 1968 and a Ph.D. in economics from Carnegie Mellon in 1973, dissertation: Decentralized Macroeconomic Planning. After his Ph.D. he returned to NHH as an assistant professor. In 1978 he moved back to Carnegie Mellon as an associate professor. He has been living in the US since then.