The increasing adoption of cultivars with longer reproductivegrowth period offset the negative impacts of climate change and increased yield. Changes in temperature,precipitation and solar radiation in the past three decades jointly increased wheat yield in northern China by 0.9–12.9%, however reduced wheat yield in southern China by 1.2–10.2%, with a large spatial difference.Our studies better represented crop system dynamics using detailed phenological records, consequentlybetter accounted for adaptations such as shifts in sowing date and crop cultivars photo-thermal traitswhen quantifying climate impacts on wheat yield