ABSTRACT | Hydrogen is ameans to chemically store energy. It
can be used to buffer energy in a society increasingly relying on
renewable but intermittent energy or as an energy vector for
sustainable transportation. It is also attractive for its potential
to power vehicles with (near-) zero tailpipe emissions. The use
of hydrogen as an energy carrier for transport applications is
mostly associated with fuel cells. However, hydrogen can also
be used in an internal combustion engine (ICE). When converted
to or designed for hydrogen operation, an ICE can attain
high power output, high efficiency and ultra low emissions.
Also, because of the possibility of bi-fuel operation, the