Housing of laying hens in battery cages is considered to be far from ideal, as the
behaviour of caged birds is severely restricted (NICOL 1987; DAWKINS and HARDIE 1989;
HUGHES et al. 1989; van LIERE 1992). Alternative systems (such as aviary and free-range
systems) have been developed to provide an environment in which the performance of
behaviours such as wing flapping, flying, running, exploration, scratching, dustbathing or nesting
is possible (BLOKHUIS and METZ 1995) and enable the laying flocks to move freely between
the inside of a building and outside pasture areas (von BORELL et al. 2002).
Housing of laying hens in battery cages is considered to be far from ideal, as thebehaviour of caged birds is severely restricted (NICOL 1987; DAWKINS and HARDIE 1989;HUGHES et al. 1989; van LIERE 1992). Alternative systems (such as aviary and free-rangesystems) have been developed to provide an environment in which the performance ofbehaviours such as wing flapping, flying, running, exploration, scratching, dustbathing or nestingis possible (BLOKHUIS and METZ 1995) and enable the laying flocks to move freely betweenthe inside of a building and outside pasture areas (von BORELL et al. 2002).
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