Excluding fresh foods (e.g., fruit, vegetables) that do not conform to a particular visual appearance standard from displays is a common practice in the retail food industry. 1 This practice is based on the belief that consumers associate food abnormalities with lower product quality and therefore avoid purchasing such products. What distinguishes fresh food from other
retail products is that their outward appearance represents the main quality cue consumers use . Most food products also are offered loose or packed in transparent packaging . Thus food’s visual appearance, including its color, physical form, presentation mode, and shape, determines consumers’ initial sensory impression and activates inferences about expected quality, such that they also influence consumers’ preferences and purchase intentions. When Garber, Hyatt, and Starr manipulate the color and labels on beverages, they find that consumers inextricably associate food color with flavor expectations, to such an extent that it made ‘‘the selection of uncharacteristic food color problematical.’’ Similarly, abundant research shows that consumers prefer products that are typical of the category and use typical products as cognitive reference points to analyze atypical products. In contrast with this preference for typicality, brand extension literature implies that consumers prefer moderately inconsistent products over congruent or extremely in congruent products if they have sufficient motivation to resolve the incongruity. When consumers recognize an incongruity, their cognitive processing increases, which can be a satisfying experience and may activate positive thoughts. Prior knowledge influences this moderate incongruity effect, such that it does not hold for participants with extensive product knowledge, because they already have strong preferences for and purchase intentions toward the norm. Retailers further reinforce this normative knowledge by excluding food with abnormal appearance from displays, so consumers become familiar only with a particular, normal shape for food items. Because the moderate incongruity effect does not hold if consumers are unmotivated to solve the incongruity or possess too much product knowledge,
we argue that consumers have higher purchase intentions for normally shaped food, compared with moderately or extremely abnormally shaped food. Extending these findings to the current study,
we argue that food abnormality, as an intrinsic cue, affects consumers’ purchase intentions, such that they express lower purchase intentions toward moderately and extremely abnormal food. Formally,
ยกเว้นอาหารสด (เช่น ผลไม้ ผัก) ที่สอดคล้องกับลักษณะภาพเฉพาะมาตรฐานจากแสดง เป็นวัตรในอุตสาหกรรมอาหารขายปลีก 1 แบบฝึกหัดนี้จะขึ้นอยู่กับความเชื่อว่า ผู้บริโภคเชื่อมโยงความผิดปกติของอาหาร มีคุณภาพต่ำ และดังนั้นจึง หลีกเลี่ยงการซื้อผลิตภัณฑ์ดังกล่าว สิ่งแตกต่างอาหารสดจากอื่น ๆretail products is that their outward appearance represents the main quality cue consumers use . Most food products also are offered loose or packed in transparent packaging . Thus food’s visual appearance, including its color, physical form, presentation mode, and shape, determines consumers’ initial sensory impression and activates inferences about expected quality, such that they also influence consumers’ preferences and purchase intentions. When Garber, Hyatt, and Starr manipulate the color and labels on beverages, they find that consumers inextricably associate food color with flavor expectations, to such an extent that it made ‘‘the selection of uncharacteristic food color problematical.’’ Similarly, abundant research shows that consumers prefer products that are typical of the category and use typical products as cognitive reference points to analyze atypical products. In contrast with this preference for typicality, brand extension literature implies that consumers prefer moderately inconsistent products over congruent or extremely in congruent products if they have sufficient motivation to resolve the incongruity. When consumers recognize an incongruity, their cognitive processing increases, which can be a satisfying experience and may activate positive thoughts. Prior knowledge influences this moderate incongruity effect, such that it does not hold for participants with extensive product knowledge, because they already have strong preferences for and purchase intentions toward the norm. Retailers further reinforce this normative knowledge by excluding food with abnormal appearance from displays, so consumers become familiar only with a particular, normal shape for food items. Because the moderate incongruity effect does not hold if consumers are unmotivated to solve the incongruity or possess too much product knowledge,เราโต้แย้งว่า ผู้บริโภคมีความตั้งใจซื้อสูงกว่าอาหารปกติรูป การเปรียบเทียบกับอาหารปานกลาง หรือมากอย่างผิดปกติรูป ขยายผลการวิจัยเหล่านี้เพื่อการศึกษาปัจจุบันเราโต้แย้งว่า สารอาหาร เป็นสัญลักษณ์การ intrinsic มีผลต่อความตั้งใจซื้อของผู้บริโภค เช่นที่พวกเขาแสดงความตั้งใจซื้อล่างไปทางอาหารปานกลาง และมากผิดปกติ อย่างเป็นกิจจะลักษณะ
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