The integration of insectivorous birds into pest control patterns is of benefit with higher yields and income. Such integration can be performed by increasing the number of artificial nesting sites within the orchard, especially
for cavity-nesting passerine birds which lack natural cavities. Sanz (2001) showed that such management of artificial nesting sites favours the installation of Tit populations. As all species of Tits feed their brood with Lepidoptera caterpillars, they may significantly reduce fruit damage caused by codling moth larvae. As birds generally avoid parasitised preys, the biological control of pests due to birds seems to be complementary to that other bio-control agents.