Next, the KSS research team studied current management approaches in acknowledged and directed SoS. The
SERC research team found that often there are multiple levels of management in the SoS, some responsible for SoS
capabilities and performance and others responsible for constituent system capabilities and performance. These
multiple levels of management with different responsibilities and focus, sometimes overlapping each other, and
often unaware of what other constituent system engineering teams are doing, make it difficult to capture the actual
state and relative value of work at the SoS level. Therefore, SoS development becomes less and less deterministic
and controllable. To mitigate these obstacles and improve capability delivery to the users, the research8 proposed a
KSS that would provide for: