In the previous section we provided descriptive information regarding group differences in 21st Century skills and competencies tested with basic statistical techniques. This section of the report presents results from more sophisticated statistical analyses in which we use information about civic education experienced in the classroom to predict 21st Century skills. The advantage of this analysis is that it provides a more precise estimation of the relation between exposure to civic education and the 21st Century skills and competencies, especially since the analyses control for important demographic characteristics including gender, race, immigrant status, and SES. Utilizing a 2-level analysis allows for the investigation of measures considered at the individual student level together with measures of the school-level environment.