Cashew apple (A. occidentale L.) bagasse (CAB), without any pretreatment, was kindly provided by Jandaia Juice Industry (Ceará,Brazil). The CAB was washed three times with water, and thendried at 60◦C for 24 h, ground and sieved to 20–80 meshes(0.841–0.177 mm), with the milled CAB being subsequently storedat room temperature (25◦C). Cashew apple bagasse hydrolysate(CABH) was then obtained from the treatment of the dried cashewapple bagasse with diluted acid sulfuric. The treatment was conducted in an autoclave at 121◦C for 15 min, using 0.6 mol L−1H2SO4and a solid fraction of 20%. Afterwards, the liquid fraction wascollected by vacuum filtration. The pH of the CABH was initiallyadjusted to 10 with addition of Ca(OH)2and then H2SO4was addedto reach pH 6.0 ± 0.2, suitable for xylitol production. A precipitateformation was observed, which was eliminated by filtration. Thefiltrate, named CABH-1, was used as culture media for xylitol production. Part of the hydrolysate was also concentrated (CABH-2)using a rotary evaporator. Both media were sterilized at 110◦C for10 min in autoclave.