The fourth proxy we used, following Francis et al . (2005), was based on the
standard deviation of the residuals from the industry-year estimations of the
Dechow and Dichev (2002) model estimated in equation (1). Instead of the absolute
value of the residuals for each firm, we instead computed an inverse measure of
accruals quality for firm i in year t as the standard deviation of firm i’s residuals from
the industry-year regressions, e
it
, calculated over periods t – 4 to t , AQ_sdDD
it
=
σ ( e
i
)
t
. Larger standard deviations of residuals indicate poorer accruals quality.
In Table 5, from columns 1 to 3, we present the results using these three
additional measures of accruals quality and relating them to CASH
1
as the
dependent variable. For column 4 to 6 the dependent variable is CASH
2
.
The fourth proxy we used, following Francis et al . (2005), was based on the
standard deviation of the residuals from the industry-year estimations of the
Dechow and Dichev (2002) model estimated in equation (1). Instead of the absolute
value of the residuals for each firm, we instead computed an inverse measure of
accruals quality for firm i in year t as the standard deviation of firm i’s residuals from
the industry-year regressions, e
it
, calculated over periods t – 4 to t , AQ_sdDD
it
=
σ ( e
i
)
t
. Larger standard deviations of residuals indicate poorer accruals quality.
In Table 5, from columns 1 to 3, we present the results using these three
additional measures of accruals quality and relating them to CASH
1
as the
dependent variable. For column 4 to 6 the dependent variable is CASH
2
.
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