). For those who performed five to nine repositioning tasks per work shift, 49% reported this task as a cause of lower back pain. Results of this survey indicate that nurses who were required to more frequently reposition patients reported a higher rate of back pain. An investigation conducted in the Netherlands administered a questionnaire to nurses in which they were asked whether or not they could describe activities they considered to be physically demanding. The majority answered in the affirmative and 89.9% of respondents actually described those physically demanding situations. The activities most often cited as physically demanding involved repositioning patients in bed, specifically, up in bed, sideways, or turning (31.3%), and transfers of patients in bed associated with nursing activities (37.3%). A study which reviewed workers’ compensation insurance injury records for seven hospitals over a 2-year period further demonstrated repositioning of patients as one of the highest risk occupational activities presented to caregivers within health care. Repositioning patients, including turning and lifting patients up in bed, was ranked as the most significant activity leading to compensable injuries