Anemia is a global public health problem. It has serious short- and long-term consequences during pregnancy
and beyond. The anemic condition is often worsened by the presence of other chronic diseases such as malaria,
tuberculosis, HIV, and diabetes. Untreated anemia also leads to increased morbidity and mortality from these
chronic conditions as well. It is surprising that despite these chronic conditions (such as malaria, tuberculosis, and
HIV) often being preventable, they still pose a real threat to public health. This article aims to review the current
understanding of the pathophysiology, risks, prevention, and treatment of anemia in the light of these chronic
conditions.