We have seen that conventional approaches to knowledge leadership and HRM have less currency in networked organizations in the advanced knowledge economy. Our study of scientists in the ATLAS collaboration reveals a number of paradoxes concerning KM in such organizations. At first sight, this may appear to complicate and confuse the role of HR specialists in promoting knowledge exchange. But according to Smith and Lewis (2011: 395): “in contrast to contingency theory, a paradox perspective assumes that tensions persist within complex and dynamic systems. These underlying tensions are not only normal but, if harnessed, can be beneficial and powerful. The juxtaposition of coexisting opposites intensifies experiences of tension, challenging actors’ cognitive limits, demanding creative sense-making, and seeking more fluid, reflexive and sustainable management strategies.” In this section we highlight this creative tension by drawing together the paradoxes, the theoretical propositions and the HRM priorities that each suggest (see Table 1).