Brukhin and Batygina (1994) used Paeonia anomala L. zygotic embryos 23–45 days after pollination as explants for embryo culture. Only embryos that had progressed past the globular embryo stage could proliferate while embryos excised from mature seeds could all develop into plants on both auxin-free MS and half-strength MS medium, while only 25% of early torpedo- and heart-shaped embryos could form plantlets. When seed was cultured, survival rate reached 75% when the seed coat was retained while no seeds survived when the seed coat was removed. Seeds should be placed at a low temperature (4 °C) to break epicotyl dormancy after rooting, thus allowing leaves to sprout from axillary buds of P. lactiflora ‘Ying Su Zi’ ( Jin et al., 2005).