The observation and reflection stages should incorporate, and are based on, widely used
quantitative and qualitative research tools used in other research paradigms such as:
questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, observations, research journals, document collection,
and case studies. In addition, the evaluation of the process should incorporate multiple
perspectives and present convergent validity. The action research process described in this paper
incorporates traditional outcome assessment where students produce some end product (projects,
papers, presentations, exams, etc.), as well as, faculty and students’ perspectives of the impact
the learning activity had on the learning process.