The surface topology of calcium alginate beads before and after immobilization of maltase was examined by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compact pores was observed on the surface of beads having no enzyme (Fig. 9A and C) whereas, for maltase immobilized beads small particles with irregular shape were observed on the surface (Fig. 9B and D). Morphological
changes on the surface of immobilized laccase were also observed where TiO2–montmorillonite complex was used as matrix