There were two independent variables in the research
design; treatment condition and time (pre-, postapplication).
Treatment condition had three levels,
which included the MWM, a sham and a control
condition. A physiotherapist who was blind to the preand
post-outcome measures (i.e. played no part in
taking the outcome measures) applied all conditions.
This physiotherapist held both musculoskeletal and
sports post-graduate degrees with more than 10 years
clinical experience.