The effects of temporal displacement from people on leopard hunting success and population persistence, however, still needs to be determined. Furthermore, as leopards and tigers often occur in areas outside protected areas where human presence is ubiquitous, studies that evaluate the interconnections among leopards, tigers, and people across different land management regimes are needed to develop robust landscape-scale conservation strategies. For example, such information would provide insights on how tiger recovery efforts currently underway in Nepal
(i.e., doubling tiger numbers from 2010 to 2022) may influence negative encounter rates with humans and leopards.